2012年小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師備考知識(shí)：冠詞

二、 冠詞

(一) 知識(shí)概要

冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類(lèi)：不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞the. a用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開(kāi)始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。

(二) 正誤辨析

[誤]This building is an university.

[正]This building is a university.

[析]a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是[j],所以 用a而不要用an.又如：There is a "n" in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an "n"in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour.例如：

I need an hour to finish the work.

It is a useful dictionary.

It is a European country.

I bought a used car.

[誤]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.

[正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.

[析]因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…

[誤]"Can you help me" "Sorry, I'm in hurry."

[正]"Can you help me" "Sorry. I'm in a hurry."

[析]不定冠詞的主要用法如下：

1. 用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)人或事物，如：She is a teacher.

2. 指某一類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.

3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.

4. 相當(dāng)于"one"的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.

5. 其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：

如：have a walk/a rest /a look

又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

make a face 作鬼臉

do somebody a favour 幫某人忙

a number of =many

又如：have a good time (玩得好)

have a cold (感冒)

have a headache (頭痛)

have a break=have a rest

[誤]I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.

[正]I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.

[析]在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。

[誤]Please turn off lights before you leave.

[正]Please turn off the lights before you leave.

[析]雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話(huà)雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。

[誤]There are nine planets around a sun.

[正]There are nine planets around the sun.

[析]世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.

[誤]I live on a second floor of this building.

[正]I live on the second floor of this building.

[析]在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.

[誤]I want to learn the second language this term.

[正]I want to learn a second language this term.

[析]在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門(mén)第二外語(yǔ)。

[誤]Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

[正]The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

[析]在河流名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。

[誤]Look, there are Alp.

[誤]Look, there are the Alp.

[正]Look, there are the Alps.

[析]具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱(chēng)前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s,來(lái)表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如：The Alps are in the center of Europe.

[誤]Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

[正]The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

[析]報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞。

[誤]Rich are not always happy.

[正]The rich are not always happy.

[析]在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.

[誤]I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.

[正]I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.

[析]物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。

[誤]The sun rises in east.

[正]The sun rises in the east.

[析]在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future

[誤]Do you know who invented telephone

[正]Do you know who invented the telephone

[析]在特定和專(zhuān)有事物或名稱(chēng)前要加定冠詞，

如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽

the Panama Canal 巴拿馬運(yùn)河

the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河

[誤]Would you please buy some food for the supper

[正]Would you please buy some food for supper

[析]泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。

[誤]I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.

[正]I like to climb the mountain in autumn.

[析]一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.

[誤]Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.

[正]Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.

[析]有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。